Rapid Reading: Eyeing up the words
You don’t get very far in life if you can’t read, right… but, assuming you can read, can you really read?! What if the pressure’s on and you have to read – and understand – fast … Are you up to the task?
Last month I attended a staff development workshop here at Newcastle University titled “Rapid Reading” attracted by the workshop publicity which claimed, “Following the workshop, participants may find their reading speed increased typically two to five times and that they have an increased ability to maintain improved information selection, absorption, retention and recall.” That appeals! I’ve always thought I was a pretty good reader, able to comprehend most texts, but that I’m perhaps a little slower at getting through the words than others. The potential of doubling my reading speed on its own was enough for me to sign up for the one day workshop, but as a trainer myself, i’m also generally keen to attend other people’s sessions and to experience life as an attendee.
So, how did I get on? Well, here are my stats – I advanced from an initial reading speed of around 300 words per minute (wpm), peaked at around 900wpm and took off the revs to settle around 600wpm, my new target cruising speed. However, reading obviously isn’t all about speed; there’s no point whizzing over the words if you don’t understand any of them. During the workshop, we practiced with various reading techniques, upping the speed step by step over a number of five minute exercises, calculating our speed after each and rating on our perceived comprehension. Predictably, as the speed increased, comprehension diminished and at 900wpm my comprehension felt horribly stretched. However, being streched is vital for this kind of training, and sure enough, after the final exercise where we were all individually given a target “cruising speed” (around 600wpm for me), near full comprehension returned.
In terms of the techniques learnt, there’s no secret answer or anything particularly radical to reveal. Rather, it’s a case of devoting attention to a core skill we all take for granted. What’s important, assuming you have normal vision, is to learn to discipline how your eyes move across a line or page of text, challenge them to consume more information and trust the considerable power of your brain to keep up. Below are the key tips I picked up during the day, which anyone might like to try:
- We all have our fixations, but when it comes to reading text on a page, it’s likely that you have too many! When reading across a line of text your eyes don’t move in a smoth manner, but stop momentarily on a word or chunk of text before moving on. Each stopping point is called a fixation; typically most readers will have 4-6 fixations for a 10-12 word line of text from a paperback novel. If you think about your peripheral vision, it’s far wider than the width of a page, and the first technique is to widen the width of each fixation to 5 or 6 words – so only two fixations per line in that paperback (or only one for a story in a newspaper). Scarily, expert speed readers will consume multiple lines of text in one fixation!
- Once you begin to recognise your eye movements, controlling the number of fixations depending upon the layout or density of the text you’re reading, the next thing is to find a rhythm. When i’ve been practicing since the workshop, i’ve found that gently tapping the rhythm of my desired fixations with a finger helps me challenge my eyes to keep up and find a rhythm. So, dum-dum, dum-dum, dum-dum for a two fixations per line rhythm.
- Next, learn to abandon the margins. Allowing your eyes to hit the solid left margin slows you down; when starting a new line, centre your fixation on the second or third word in. So simple, but so effective – try it! Get it right and your rhythm can become a constant beat: dum-dum-dum-dum-dum-dum.
- Stop subvocalising! What? You know, you’re inner voice which converts orthography to phonology (sorry, it’s the inner-linguist in me appearing – letters to sounds!). We all do it, depending on the text we’re presented with – think for example about reading a paragraph of French, German or Spanish text, or a page of text from a subject discipline you’re not familiar with. Subvocalisation hugely slows down reading, but the suggestion given on the workshop is that it becomes impossible around 600wpm.
- Do you find that you re-read sections of a page? This is called regression, and obviously slows down your reading speed. Even if you don’t understand a word, phrase, sentence or paragraph, don’t go back; be confident that you have understood something and also that if that section was particularly important, it will crop up again in the text.
- Finally, don’t give your brain a chance to lose concentration! If you find your mind wanders when you’re reading a text, whether it’s a novel or an especially dull report, it’s likely to be because your brain has spare processing power (i.e. it’s bored!). Go full power by pushing yourself to speed up!
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Before setting off i’d arranged to visit La Universidad de Oriente in Santiago de Cuba and offered my services to deliver some training for researchers (postgraduates and lecturers) on writing basic web pages and the potential of online tools for collaboration. I was traveling with my father, accompanying him on his second fieldtrip to Cuba, hunting down his chosen subjects – snails. Now, searching for snails isn’t one of my preferred pastimes, arousing childhood memories of being coaxed out on the odd dark, damp snail-hunt through the Hampshire countryside in the very early hours. But these are Polymita picta – brilliantly bright and colourful and found only in the sandy, palm-fringed eastern corner of Cuba. Perhaps that explains my sudden attraction!
We arrived in Cuba to sweltering, sweaty, sunshine; such a glorious change to the fast approaching UK winter. After a night in Holguin we traveled to Santiago de Cuba where we rested, slept and headed the next day to the University. My first session was to be at 8am, definitely the earliest start to a Netskills workshop i’ve delivered. However, due to the rains there was no connection, so my workshop was postponed – for a week! – and I was taken on a tour round campus. It was immediately evident that there was an extremely open approach to teaching, learning and working. Seminars were being held outside and there was a general hubbub of noise as lecturers lectured, students discussed, and staff held meetings. Not so different to home, but I got the distinct impression nobody was ever going to be shusshed or caught sending an email to a colleague down the corridor in shouting distance!
I was taken to the library which had also been shut for a number of days due to the downpours, but seemed well stocked and with plenty of open areas for self study … Just watch out for the puddles and the damp tables by the open windows! Downstairs in the library is the Laboratorio de Información, more commonly referred to as “the googleroom.” Unfortunately it was also shut due to the power outage but I was told (by the slightly scary Library manager – no comment!) that it’s an extremely popular room; inside are ten networked computers that can be booked for use in thirty minute blocks.
The sessions were a great success and thoroughly enjoyable to run. Attending were a mixture of staff and research students, keen to learn and also to cascade knowledge to colleagues and friends. The main focus of the sessions was on creating structured HTML content for teaching and research purposes, attendees keen to know how to keep file sizes and images small for quick transfer. Interestingly demand for our ‘Web Pages From Scratch’ workshop, popular pretty much since Netskills started, has dipped over the last year or two, probably as we see people move towards more sophisticated web-based tools and services. But the framework for any website, whatever your connection, however elaborate your design, and wherever you are around the globe, is provided by a sound structure. Another lesson for us back home, where we tend to be wowed by the (admittedly exciting!) possibilities provided by faster and faster network connections.